Greater Tokyo is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. The Statistical Agency of the European Union, Eurostat, has developed a concept called « Large Urban Area » (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonized definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant proportion of the inhabitants travel to the city, a concept known as a « functional urban area ». [18] Statistics Canada defines a census metropolitan area (CMA) as an area consisting of one or more neighbouring communities located around a large urban core. To form a CMA, the metropolitan area must have a population of at least 100,000, at least half of which is in the urban core. To be included in the CMA, neighbouring communities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuter flows derived from census data. [16] There are currently three metropolitan areas in the Philippines defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). These metropolitan areas are divided into three major geographic areas; Metro Manila (in Luzon), Metro Cebu (in the Visayas) and Metro Davao (in Mindanao). The official definition of each zone does not necessarily follow the true extent of continuous urbanization.
For example, the built-up area of Metro Manila has long since moved from its officially defined boundaries to the adjacent provinces of Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna and Cavite. The number of metropolitan areas in the Philippines has been reduced from 13 in 2007 to three currently based on NEDA`s 2017-2022 Philippine Development Plan. The other 10 metropolitan areas were Metro Angeles, Metro Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas, Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Dagupan, Metro Iloilo-Guimaras, Metro Butuan, Metro Naga and Metro Olongapo. For urban centres outside agglomerations, which generate similar appeal for their smaller-scale region, the concept of Regiopolis or Regiopolitan Space or Regio was introduced by German professors in 2006. In 2018, there were 74 Zonas Metropolitanas in Mexico. 75.1 million people, or 62.8 per cent of the rural population, live in a metropolitan area. [23] Metropolitan area, also called Metropolis, a large city with its suburbs and neighboring cities, villages and environments, over which the large city exerts a dominant economic and social influence. Literally built, metropolis of the Greek means « mother city », and implicitly there are descendants or relatives scattered in the central area. Sometimes there may be two or more major cities, such as in the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area (Japan) or an agglomeration of metropolitan areas, as in Greater London (England). The U.S. Census uses a unit called the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which includes either (1) a city of at least 50,000 people, or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 people and a total population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England).
An urbanized area is defined as a population of at least 50,000 and a population density of at least 1,000 per square mile. The AAV replaced the Metropolitan Metropolitan Area (UA) in 2020. [19] The AU, which was defined differently from the AAV, was rejected by INSEE and replaced by the AAV to facilitate international comparisons. [20] A metropolitan area combines an urban agglomeration (the adjacent built-up area) with areas that are not necessarily urban in nature, but are closely linked to the centre through employment or other occupations. These remote areas are sometimes referred to as suburban belts and can extend far beyond the urban area to other political entities. For example, Islip, New York on Long Island is considered part of the New York Metropolitan Statistical Area. INSEE describes an urban core and its suburban influence environment as an area of attraction of a city (or AAV, which literally means « catchment area of a city »), plural: areas of attraction of cities. [19] The official translation of this statistical space into English (as used by INSEE) is « functional domain ».
[20] AAV follows the same definition as functional urban area (FUA) used by Eurostat and the OECD, and AAVs are therefore strictly comparable to FUAs. [20] Short definition: the metropolitan typology is applied to NUTS level 3 regions and identifies metropolitan areas in the European Union (EU). These regions are defined as urban agglomerations (NUTS 3 regions or groups of NUTS 3 regions) where at least 50 % of the population lives in a functional urban area (FUA) composed of at least 250 000 inhabitants. Sweden defines a metropolitan area as a group of municipalities, based on statistics on travel between central municipalities and surrounding municipalities and taking into account existing planning cooperation in the three geographical regions of the country. [24] They were defined around 1965. In 2005, a number of other municipalities were added to the defined areas. The IBGE also defines « immediate geographical areas » (formerly called microregions), which cover the region « the surrounding urban centers for the immediate needs of the population ». [14] Intended for policy planning purposes, data from the March 2021 census will not be counted at the level of these areas, but at the municipal or state level. [15] In Chinese, there was no clear distinction between « megalopolis » (城市群, lit.
or a large metropolis that plays a leading role, in the basic range of 1 hour of travel. [17] Pakistan has nine metropolitan areas with more than one million inhabitants. Seven of them are located entirely in Punjab, including Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha and Sialkot; one (Islamabad-Rawalpindi is divided between Punjab and the Capital Territory Islamabad; two are located in Sindh, including Karachi, the country`s largest metropolitan area, and Hyderabad; one in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar; and the last in Balochistan: Quetta. As of February 28, 2013, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has defined 1,098 statistical areas for metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. [28] These 1,098 statistical domains include 929 basic statistical domains (CBSA)[29] and 169 combined statistical domains (CSAs). [30] The 929 basic statistical areas are divided into 388 metropolitan statistical areas (MSA – 381 for the United States and seven for Puerto Rico)[31] and 541 micropolitan statistical areas (μSA – 536 for the United States and five for Puerto Rico). [32] The 169 statistical areas combined (166 for the United States).