Classroom instruction generally includes firearms mechanics and terminology, firearms cleaning and maintenance, secret wearing laws and restrictions, liability issues, wearing and security methods, home defence, conflict management and de-escalation methods, and the practice of weapons handling techniques without firing the weapon. Most of the training required on some conventional weapons spends a great deal of time on liability issues. Research has produced mixed results suggesting that the right to wear has no effect on violent crime, that it increases violent crime and that it reduces violent crime. Cook writes that « there is an emerging consensus that the causal effect of deregulating secret port (replacing a restrictive law with a RTC law) as a whole was to increase violent crime. » [125] Donohue and Cook argue that the crack epidemic has made it difficult to determine the causal effects of conventional weapons laws, and that this has not made previous findings conclusive; Recent research does not suffer from the same challenges when it comes to causality. [125] A 2018 literature review by RAND concluded that concealed carrying has no impact on crime or can increase violent crime. The review states: « We found no qualifying studies showing that secrecy laws [of violent crimes] have decreased. » [126] While most law enforcement officers carry their handguns in a visible holster, some officers, such as civilian detectives or undercover agents, carry firearms in hidden cases. In some countries and jurisdictions, civilians are required by law to obtain a secret carrying permit to possess and carry a firearm. In other cases, a CCAC licence is only required if the firearm is not visible to the eye, for example if the firearm is carried in the purse, bag, trunk, etc. While a concealed carrying permit generally allows the licensee to carry a concealed weapon in public, a state may restrict the carrying of a firearm, including an authorized concealed weapon, on or on certain property, facilities or types of businesses that are otherwise open to the public. These areas vary from state to state (with the exception of the first bullet below; Federal offices are subject to the federal replacement legislation) and may include: The federal School Free Zones Act limits where an unlicensed person can carry; Carrying a weapon, overt or concealed, within 1,000 feet (300 m) of a school zone is prohibited, with exceptions granted in federal law to holders of valid state-issued gun licenses (state laws may affirm the illegality of license holders wearing school zones) and under LEOSA to current and honorably retired law enforcement officers (regardless of authorization, generally prevail over state law). Some states require undercover applicants to certify their skills with a firearm through some type of training or counseling.
Some training courses developed by the National Rifle Association, which combine classroom instruction and live ammunition, generally meet most state training requirements. Some States recognize previous military or police service as a training requirement. [78] Polish handgun licences allow concealed carrying, whether issued for self-defence or sporting reasons. Self-defense permits are only for those that police consider to be at increased risk of attack and are rare. Shooting licenses require active participation in competitions every year. Residents of the United Mexican States have the right to possess weapons in their homes for their safety and self-defense, except for federal laws and those reserved exclusively for the army, navy, air force and national guard. Federal law determines the cases, conditions, requirements and locations where residents may be permitted to carry weapons. [6] The Firearms Owner Protection Act (FOPA) of 1986 allows a firearms owner to travel to states where his or her possession of firearms is illegal, provided that it is legal in the countries of origin and destination, that the owner is in transit and is not in the state where the possession of firearms is illegal, and that the firearm be transported unloaded and in a locked container.